還記得前段時(shí)間《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》第一次把英國(guó)新首相特蕾莎·梅（Theresa May）放上封面，就毫不留情地把她的名字改成“Theresa Maybe”，特蕾莎·梅準(zhǔn)兒的事嗎？

終于，梅相不再猶豫了，英國(guó)時(shí)間17日，她發(fā)表脫歐演說，詳細(xì)公布了12項(xiàng)脫歐舉措。

BBC報(bào)道稱：

Under the gilt and candelabra of Lancaster House where Margaret Thatcher extolled the virtues of joining the single market, Theresa May has just uttered some of the most important words she will ever deliver.
在金碧輝煌、放滿大燭臺(tái)的蘭卡斯特宮，瑪格麗特·撒切爾曾極力宣揚(yáng)加入單一市場(chǎng)的好處，而今特蕾莎·梅發(fā)表了她有史以來最重要的言論。

所以，梅相的這12項(xiàng)脫歐舉措具體是哪些呢？

1. Certainty
確保脫歐進(jìn)程的確定性

We will provide certainty wherever we can……I recognize how important it is to provide business, the public sector, and everybody with as much certainty as possible as we move through the process. I can confirm today that the Government will put the final deal that is agreed between the UK and the E.U. to a vote in both Houses of Parliament, before it comes into force.
無論如何我們都要確保脫歐過程的確定性……我意識(shí)到，在脫歐進(jìn)程中為商業(yè)、公共事務(wù)和個(gè)人提供盡可能多的確定性有多么重要。我現(xiàn)在可以保證，在最后決議生效前，政府會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)議會(huì)兩院投票，來決定經(jīng)英國(guó)和歐盟協(xié)商通過的最后決議。

2. Control of our own laws
取得法律自主權(quán)

Leaving the European Union will mean that our laws will be made in Westminster, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. And those laws will be interpreted by judges not in Luxembourg but in courts across this country. Because we will not have truly left the European Union if we are not in control of our own laws.
脫歐意味著我們的法律將由威斯敏斯特、愛丁堡、卡迪夫和貝爾法斯特四地協(xié)同制定。而這些法律也將由我們國(guó)家來闡釋，而非盧森堡（歐盟）。若我們不能擁有自己的法律自主權(quán)，我們將不能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)脫歐。

3. Strengthen the Union
強(qiáng)化聯(lián)盟

A stronger Britain demands that we do something else — strengthen the precious union between the 4 nations of the United Kingdom. We won’t agree on everything, but I look forward to working with the administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to deliver a Brexit that works for the whole of the United Kingdom.
更強(qiáng)大的英國(guó)需要我們繼續(xù)努力——強(qiáng)化英國(guó)四個(gè)地區(qū)之間的寶貴聯(lián)盟。我們之間仍有分歧，但我希望能和蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭合作，協(xié)商出一個(gè)適合整個(gè)英國(guó)的脫歐方案。

4. Maintain the Common Travel Area with Ireland
保留愛爾蘭的公共旅游區(qū)

We cannot forget that, as we leave, the United Kingdom will share a land border with the E.U., and maintaining that Common Travel Area with the Republic of Ireland will be an important priority for the UK in the talks ahead.
在脫歐之際，我們不會(huì)忘記，英國(guó)與歐盟將共享一個(gè)邊境，對(duì)英國(guó)而言，保留愛爾蘭共和國(guó)的公共旅游區(qū)，是未來其他談判的先決條件。

5. Control of immigration
控制移民數(shù)量

We will continue to attract the brightest and the best to work or study in Britain — indeed openness to international talent must remain one of this country’s most distinctive assets — but that process must be managed properly so that our immigration system serves the national interest. So we will get control of the number of people coming to Britain from the E.U.
我們依舊會(huì)吸納優(yōu)秀人才來英國(guó)工作或?qū)W習(xí)——實(shí)際上，對(duì)國(guó)際人才的開放必須成為這個(gè)國(guó)家獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)——但這個(gè)過程要得到有效控制，這樣我們的移民政策才能符合國(guó)家利益。所以我們將控制來自歐盟的移民數(shù)量。

6. Rights for E.U. nationals in Britain, and British nationals in the E.U.
英國(guó)與歐盟雙方互相保證對(duì)方公民的權(quán)益

We want to guarantee the rights of E.U. citizens who are already living in Britain, and the rights of British nationals in other member states, as early as we can. I want everyone to know that it remains an important priority for Britain — and for many other member states — to resolve this challenge as soon as possible.
我們要盡早保障，已經(jīng)生活在英國(guó)的歐盟公民以及生活在歐盟其他成員國(guó)的英國(guó)公民的合法權(quán)益。我想讓每個(gè)人知道，盡早解決這一問題仍是英國(guó)及其他歐盟成員國(guó)的頭等大事。

7. Protect workers’ rights
保障工人權(quán)益

Indeed, under my leadership, not only will the government protect the rights of workers set out in European legislation, we will build on them. Because under this government, we will make sure legal protection for workers keeps pace with the changing labor market — and that the voices of workers are heard by the boards of publicly-listed companies for the first time.
實(shí)際上在我的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，政府不僅保障歐洲立法中確定的工人權(quán)益，我們也將以此為基，更進(jìn)一步。因?yàn)樵谶@屆政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們要確保對(duì)工人的法律保護(hù)與不斷變化的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相同步——工人的聲音將首次被公開上市公司的董事會(huì)聽到。

8. Free trade with European markets
實(shí)現(xiàn)與歐洲市場(chǎng)的自由貿(mào)易

We will pursue a bold and ambitious Free Trade Agreement with the European Union. We do not seek membership of the Single Market. And because we will no longer be members of the Single Market, we will not be required to contribute huge sums to the E.U. budget.
我們要與歐盟達(dá)成一項(xiàng)大膽而雄心勃勃的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。我們不希望成為歐盟單一市場(chǎng)的成員。由于我們不再屬于單一市場(chǎng)，我們也不需要為歐盟預(yù)算支付大筆費(fèi)用了。

9. New trade agreements with other countries
與其他國(guó)家達(dá)成新的貿(mào)易協(xié)議

A Global Britain must be free to strike trade agreements with countries from outside the European Union too. We want to get out into the wider world, to trade and do business all around the globe.
一個(gè)全球化的英國(guó)也應(yīng)該與歐盟以外的其他國(guó)家自由達(dá)成貿(mào)易協(xié)議。我們想進(jìn)入更廣闊的世界，在全球范圍內(nèi)開展貿(mào)易。

10. The best place for science and innovation
成為科技創(chuàng)新寶地

A Global Britain must also be a country that looks to the future. That means being one of the best places in the world for science and innovation. One of our great strengths as a nation is the breadth and depth of our academic and scientific communities, backed up by some of the world’s best universities.
一個(gè)全球化的英國(guó)必須是一個(gè)面向未來的國(guó)家。這意味著我們要成為世界上的科技創(chuàng)新寶地。有眾多世界一流學(xué)校的支持，學(xué)術(shù)界和科學(xué)界的廣度與深度是我們的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)。

11. Cooperation in the fight against crime and terrorism
開展打擊恐怖主義和犯罪的合作

A Global Britain will continue to cooperate with its European partners in important areas such as crime, terrorism and foreign affairs.
一個(gè)全球化的英國(guó)將繼續(xù)與歐洲其他國(guó)家在犯罪、恐怖主義和外交事務(wù)等重要領(lǐng)域展開合作。

12. A smooth, orderly Brexit
平穩(wěn)、有序地實(shí)現(xiàn)脫歐

We believe a phased process of implementation, in which both Britain and the E.U. institutions and member states prepare for the new arrangements that will exist between us will be in our mutual self-interest.
我們相信考慮到彼此共同的自身利益的階段性脫歐進(jìn)程會(huì)更有利，在這種情況下英國(guó)、歐盟機(jī)構(gòu)和各成員國(guó)將做好準(zhǔn)備迎接互利的新安排。

那梅相提出的這12條脫歐目標(biāo)中，最重要的是什么呢？且聽雙語(yǔ)君結(jié)合BBC的報(bào)道給小伙伴兒們分析一下。

? 最終怎么脫歐，梅相一人說了不算，還得經(jīng)過議會(huì)投票。

? 嚴(yán)格控制移民，以后歐盟國(guó)家人民想移民英國(guó)可就不容易了。

? 想和歐盟簽署自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定，不過鐵定不留在單一市場(chǎng)。

? 英國(guó)要和非歐盟國(guó)家之間加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易交流，不再局限于歐盟國(guó)家，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)不會(huì)保留完全關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟成員身份。

? 梅相表示脫歐后，可能還會(huì)給歐盟交點(diǎn)錢，不過不會(huì)很多，有種終于甩掉大包袱的既視感…

? 脫歐這事兒急不得，會(huì)分階段實(shí)施，避免處于“分裂斷崖邊緣”。

整體來說，梅相的這次演講氣勢(shì)很足，傳遞出硬脫歐（hard brexit）的信息，下面來看看各方反應(yīng)。

首先，英鎊一改頹勢(shì)，對(duì)美元匯率創(chuàng)新高！一些坐等英鎊繼續(xù)跌的小伙伴兒怕是要哭暈在廁所了……

The pound saw its best day's gain in more than eight years against the dollar on Tuesday, helped by rising inflation and the Prime Minister Theresa May's major speech on Brexit.
周二（英國(guó)時(shí)間17日），在通貨膨脹率增長(zhǎng)和梅首相就脫歐問題的關(guān)鍵演講的幫助下，英鎊實(shí)現(xiàn)8年多以來對(duì)美元匯率最高日增長(zhǎng)。

另外，此次演講也吸引了英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)外的目光，感覺他們也是盯了很久，終于盼來這次演講了……

英國(guó)自由民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Tim Farron就毫不留情地指責(zé)起梅相來。

After Mrs May's speech, Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron said: "Ripping us out of the single market was not something proposed to the British people. This is a theft of democracy."
梅演講后，英國(guó)自由民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Tim Farron表示：“把我們拽出單一市場(chǎng)可不是提前和英國(guó)人民商量過的。這是盜用民主的行為。”

英國(guó)獨(dú)立黨黨魁Paul Nuttall表示擔(dān)憂。

UKIP leader Paul Nuttall said he feared a "slow-motion Brexit", adding: "We want this done quickly."
英國(guó)獨(dú)立黨黨魁Paul Nuttall表示，他擔(dān)心“慢動(dòng)作脫歐”，并補(bǔ)充說：“我們希望這事盡快搞定?！?/p>

而一心想留在歐盟，一言不合就脫英的蘇格蘭反應(yīng)更是激烈。

A hard Brexit could be a catastrophic failure for the United Kingdom, the direction for the United Kingdom leaving the European Union set out by the UK prime minister is not in Scotland’s national interests, Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said Tuesday.
蘇格蘭首席大臣Nicola Sturgeon表示，硬脫歐對(duì)于英國(guó)而言可能是一次災(zāi)難性的失敗，英國(guó)首相設(shè)定的英國(guó)脫歐方向不符合蘇格蘭的利益。

She hinted at a second independence referendum, saying Scotland - which voted against Brexit - should have "the ability to choose between that and a different future".
她暗示會(huì)有第二次獨(dú)立公投，蘇格蘭反對(duì)脫歐，應(yīng)該有“能力在脫歐和一個(gè)不同的未來間做出選擇?！?/p>

對(duì)于演講中特別提到的和愛爾蘭的邊境問題，愛爾蘭政府對(duì)此表示歡迎，不過愛爾蘭新芬黨John O'Dowd表示，梅相只是說得好聽而已。

Reacting to the Brexit speech, Sinn Féin John O'Dowd said: "Exiting the single European market, exiting the customs union, creates a hard border on the island of Ireland. Warm words, soft words from Theresa May mean nothing."
就梅相此次脫歐演講，新芬黨John O'Dowd 表示：“脫離單一市場(chǎng)，脫離關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟，在愛爾蘭群島創(chuàng)造更嚴(yán)格的邊境。特蕾莎·梅暖心的文字毫無意義?！?/p>

歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)于梅相的此次演講態(tài)度比較積極。

Donald Tusk, the president of the European council, summed up the bloc’s official reaction in a tweet: “Sad process, surrealistic times, but at least more realistic announcement on Brexit. EU27 united and ready to negotiate after article 50.”
歐洲理事會(huì)主席Donald Tusk一條推特概括了集團(tuán)官方的態(tài)度：“令人難過的過程，超現(xiàn)實(shí)的時(shí)代，但至少在脫歐問題上有了更多切實(shí)的消息。歐盟27國(guó)團(tuán)結(jié)一心，準(zhǔn)備好在英國(guó)觸發(fā)里斯本條約第50條后與其進(jìn)行談判?！?/p>

不過工商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖紛紛看衰脫歐計(jì)劃。

European leaders and industry chiefs welcomed the clarity brought by Theresa May’s Brexit speech, but said the course she had chosen would hurt Britain more than the remaining EU member states.
歐洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和工業(yè)領(lǐng)袖歡迎特蕾莎·梅在脫歐演講中傳遞出的清晰信號(hào)，不過也表示她選擇的方式可能會(huì)比保留歐盟成員國(guó)身份對(duì)英國(guó)造成的傷害更大。

Volker Treier, of the German chamber of industry and commerce, made it clear that Britain’s departure from the single market and customs union would do substantial damage to business ties between the UK and Germany.
德國(guó)工商會(huì)Volker Treier明確表示，英國(guó)退出單一市場(chǎng)和關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟的舉動(dòng)將給英德商業(yè)紐帶帶來巨大破壞。

總之，英國(guó)脫歐在即，任何計(jì)劃都是牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。

那么問題來了，英鎊會(huì)不會(huì)繼續(xù)漲，蘇格蘭到底會(huì)不會(huì)獨(dú)立呢？還得搬小板凳繼續(xù)等啊……

（來源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞微信 編輯：唐曉敏）